Which of the following requires the greatest release of latent heat energy into the atmosphere?

About what percent of Earth's water can be found in the oceans?

the process by which plants release water into the atmosphere.

All of the following are properties that make water unique among other substances on Earth EXCEPT:A) water does not participate easily in hydrogen bonding.B) water's solid phase is less dense than its liquid phase.C) water exists naturally in all three phases (solid, liquid, vapor) and changes easily from one to another.

D) water is able to store large quantities of heat.

A) water does not participate easily in hydrogen bonding.

The attractive forces between the hydrogen atoms in one water molecule and the oxygen atoms in another molecule are known as:

Water's temperature increases slowly because some of the energy absorbed is used to ________ instead of to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules.

Which of the following requires the GREATEST RELEASE of latent heat energy into the atmosphere?A) melting of 1 gram of waterB) freezing of 1 gram of waterC) evaporation of 1 gram of water

D) condensation of 1 gram of water

condensation of 1 gram of water

In which phase do water molecules have the lowest kinetic energy?

Which of the following processes requires the highest RELEASE of energy from the water molecules?A) meltingB) freezingC) condensation

D) deposition

As liquid water is evaporated into the atmosphere, heat energy is:

absorbed by the evaporating water.

The two changes of state that are the most important part of the water cycle for the atmosphere would be:

evaporation, condensation.

The heat released when water vapor condenses to form a cloud or when liquid droplets freeze in a cloud:

helps the cloud to rise higher.

Frost that forms on cold glass is created by the process of:

The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed:

Water vapor constitutes about this much of the atmosphere by volume.

mass of water vapor (g)/volume of air(cubic meters)

mass of water vapor (g)/mass of dry air (kg)

Saturation is best defined as:

equal numbers of water molecules evaporating from and condensing into a water surface.

The capacity of the air to hold water vapor:

increases with an increase in temperature.

The property which primarily controls how much water can be present as a gas is:

Relative humidity indicates the:

nearness to saturation for the air.

If the air temperature remains constant, evaporating water into the air will ________ the dew point and ________ the relative humidity.

Relative humidity depends on the water vapor present in the air and the:

The air in Great Falls, Montana has a temperature of 5°C and a relative humidity of 50%. On the same afternoon, the air in Palm Springs, California has a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 50%. What can be said about the amount of vapor in the air at these two cities?

Palm Springs will have a higher vapor content than Great Falls.

Assume that the actual vapor content of the air remains constant over the course of a day. How does the relative humidity at 2:00 p.m. probably compare to the relative humidity at 5:00 a.m.?

The relative humidity at 2:00 p.m. is lower.

During a clear, relatively calm day, the relative humidity will tend to ________ from sunrise to early afternoon.

Which of the following is a good explanation for why dew tends to form in the grass at night? A) Temperatures of the objects near the ground often cool below the dew point at night.B) The atmosphere cannot form clouds at night.C) Pressure is greatest then.

D) More water vapor is present at night.

A) Temperatures of the objects near the ground often cool below the dew point at night.

As the temperature of air is reduced to its dew point, which of these is most likely to occur?

In order to have significant snowfall accumulation, dew points must generally be above:

A ________ is an instrument used to measure humidity.

A wet-bulb thermometer and a dry-bulb thermometer are both parts of which meteorological instrument?

When the dry and wet bulb temperatures measured by a psychrometer are equal, all but one of the following is true. Which one is false? A) A rise in temperature would cause condensation. B) The air is saturated.C) Water vapor content is at a maximum.

D) Relative humidity is 100 percent.

A) A rise in temperature would cause condensation.

During the process of adiabatic cooling, the temperature decreases because the air has:

expanded to a larger volume.

The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is:

cooling by expansion of air.

An adiabatic process is one in which the:

heat exchanged with the surroundings is zero.

The temperature of rising air parcels ________ as they move upward.

Adiabatic processes are only important for air:

which is rising or sinking.

Why does a rising air parcel cool off?

The moist adiabatic rate is different from the dry adiabatic rate because:

latent heat is released inside a parcel of rising saturated air.

All of the following are lifting mechanisms in the atmosphere EXCEPT:A) orographic.B) divergence.C) convection.

D) frontal wedging.

An air parcel rises over a mountain and cools adiabatically. Which lifting mechanism has acted on this parcel?

Which type of lifting mechanism results from warm air lifting over cold air?A) orographic liftingB) convective liftingC) convergence

D) frontal wedging

A convergence of winds near the surface is associated with cloud production because it:

The vertical motions that occur when the air is unstable are termed:

The stability of an air layer refers to its:

tendency to either sustain or suppress upward vertical motions.

The change in the actual air temperature as you go up into the atmosphere is called:

environmental lapse rate.

A large negative environmental lapse rate would occur in a layer with:

cold air above, warm air below.

If your environmental lapse rate is 17 C/km on a partly cloudy afternoon, then the atmosphere is said to be:

An increase in the environmental lapse rate of an air layer results in the layer becoming:

If the environmental lapse rate is less than the wet adiabatic lapse rate, then the atmosphere is:

If your environmental lapse rate is 7 C/km on a partly cloudy afternoon, then the atmosphere is said to be:

A stable atmosphere is one in which:

upward vertical motions are resisted.

These two conditions, working together, will make the atmosphere the most unstable.

warm the surface and cool the air aloft

The atmosphere is most unstable when the temperature of the air ________ with height.

Which of these pairs of processes, working together, will make the atmosphere most unstable?A) cool the surface and cool the air aloftB) cool the surface and warm the air aloftC) warm the surface and warm the air aloft

D) warm the surface and cool the air aloft

D) warm the surface and cool the air aloft

Which of the following will not cause air to become more unstable?A) forceful lifting of airB) subsidence of an air columnC) intense solar heating which warms the air from below

D) upward movement caused by general convergence

B) subsidence of an air column

What is necessary in order for clouds to form when the atmosphere is absolutely stable?

a lifting mechanism other than convection (such as a front)

The stability of the air layer close to the earth's surface can vary markedly. Much of this variation is caused by:

changes in heating or cooling of the surface.

A cold air mass that is warmed at its base from contact with the warm ground will have its lapse rate:

Sinking or subsiding air cannot form clouds due to the:

Which of the following would not be associated with stable atmospheric conditions?A) buildup of pollutantsB) temperature inversionC) widespread fog

D) afternoon thunderstorms

Assume that a parcel with an initial temperature of 20°C and a dew point of 7°C starts at sea level and travels up the side of a mountain. At what elevation will condensation begin inside the parcel?

An inversion represents an extremely stable atmosphere because a parcel of air that rises into an inversion will eventually become ________ and ________ dense than the air surrounding it.